“The Pioneer’s Invention” during the 1st century A.D-year 100, the Romans was experimenting through the glass and testing it. They experiment different shapes of clear glass and one of their samples was thick in the middle and thin on the edges. They discovered that if you look to one of this lens over an object, the object will look larger. Lenses comes from the Latin word lentil (lentil bean), this early lenses were called “The MAGNIFIERS OR BURNING GLASS” it can also focus the rays of the sun with one of the special glasses and start a fire. This magnifying glass had one power, usually 6x-10x, and it is very interesting because you can see the small insects and fleas called the “flea glasses”. The magnifying glass or simple microscopes reached its highest state of perfection, because the image produced by such a magnifier, held close to the observer’s eye, appears as if it were on the same side of the lens as the object itself. Such an image, seen as if it were ten inches from the eye, is known as a “virtual image” and cannot be captured on film.

“COMPOUND MICROSCOPES” in its simplest form by the JANSSENS of Netherlands and GALILEO from Italy. This compound microscope consists of two convex lenses aligned in series: an object glass objective closer to the object or specimen; and an eyepiece ocular closer to the observer’s eye with means of adjusting the position of the specimen and the microscope lenses. The compound microscope achieves a two-stage magnification. The objective projects a magnified image into the body tube of the microscope and the eyepiece further magnifies the image projected by the objective, and during the eighteenth 17-18th centuries were hampered by optical aberration both chromatic and spherical, a flaw that is worsened by the use of multiple lenses. The images they produced were often blurred and had the colorful halos associated with chromatic aberrations that not only degrade image quality, but also hamper resolution. and on the mid 1700’s lens makers discovered that by combining two lenses made of glass with different color dispersions, much of the chromatic aberration could be reduced or eliminated. It was first discovered by the telescope, which contains much larger senses than microscopes.

Microscopes in the 18-19th centuries witnessed a great improvement in the mechanical and optical quality of compound microscopes. They are advance in technology in machine tools, they allowed more sophisticated parts to be fabricated, and they got a number of high quality microscopes. Their microscopes varied widely in design and production quality, but the overall principles defining their optical properties remained relatively constant. The tripod base provided a sturdy support for the microscope, which many people consider the most advanced of its period. This microscope manufactured by Hugh Powell and Peter Lealand about 1850. On the 20th century, the development and production costs of microscopes became an important factor. Brass, the material of choice for microscope manufacturers, is very expensive and it was a lengthy task to machine, polish, and lacquer microscope bodies and other parts machined from this metal. To cut expenses, many microscope manufacturers had begun substituting cast iron for brass in microscope frames and stages. Iron was much cheaper and could be not be distinguished from brass when painted black.